Memory (how does a computer store data ?? )

Hello there. In this video, we're going to see how a computer really stores data. For some folks, this may be rhetoric. For some folks, this may be a recap and for some this may be completely new. So let's do this. I always wondered how a computer stores numbers. So computer stores data basically in different devices like a RAM or a hard drive or a flash drive or any of the other devices. These devices have a capability to store either a zero or a one. And this is essentially an electric charge for RAM kind of devices. And it is a north South Pole orientation for a hard drive or a magnetic device. So just in zeros and ones, we store all the data. So you must be wondering how let's let's go ahead. Now what is a bit. Bit is the smallest unit of storage. So this is where the actual 0 or 1 is stored. A byte is eight bits. Now how much can a byte really store? So byte can store combinations of two. So two power eight So you have 256 combinations which you can store in a byte. So in other words, you can store 0 to 255 within a byte. So now let's take a look at how to convert these patterns, know combinations of zeros and ones back to decimal, and then actually be able to map it to some meaningful information. Let's take a look at it. So essentially, we're trying to convert binary to decimal and then we're going to take that decimal value and we're going to try to map it to something which is pre-established. You will you will see what that is. So let's try to do this for the letter A, This is going to be with a small letter A. Now, the binary representation for the letter A or how the information is going to be stored at the memory level is going to be 0110 space 0001. Now let's see how we're going to take this zeros and ones and convert it back to a letter A. For that, you need to multiply this with the base component, which is basically your two power X value. Now you need to do it for eight bits. So two parts 0 to 2.7. So the values are going to be 2.01 and 2.7 is 128. Now if you multiply X and Y, any of these, so for example, zero into 128 is going to be zero. One into 64 is going to be 64 and then so on. So when you actually add this value, you're going to get a value of 97. Now this is the sum value of this multiplication and also this is the decimal number. Okay, great. So now you have 97. So what does 97 mean? How do we actually represent 97 as a small? A Now that is where the ASCII, the American standard Code for information interchange comes into picture. Now, this is a standard body which has already decided which decimal is going to represent which character. Now we got a value of 97. So let's take a look here. So 97 decimal is actually character A, So that is how the computer goes through the process of converting the random zeros and ones into an actual value, which we all can understand. The ASCII encoding is actually goes from 0 to 255. 5 to 97 is a as we know now, and 65 is actually capital A. So for your quick information, I have clubbed it into categories. So 48 to 59 is actually numbers, 65 to 90 is letters. That is in caps 97 to 1. 22 letters is small and 32 is space. So if you actually want to represent hello, if you want to actually say hello, so you're going to have to actually say hello in decimal, which is going to be 72, 69, 76, 76, 79, and then this. And this eventually will be converted to binary. And then finally it will be stored in your hard drive there. It is a quick discussion how data is stored in your memory and how the computer reads it back from memory to represent this to the application layer and to us.